Field cryofocussing hydride generation applied to the simultaneous multi-elemental determination of alkyl-metal(loid) species in natural waters using ICP-MS detection

Two hydride generation manifold systems, utilizing flow injection and cryotrapping techniques for alkyl-metal(loid) speciation analysis in natural waters, are described in this paper. They provide shipboard capacity for simultaneous derivatization of analytes with NaBH4 and cryotrapping of the generated products in a field packed column at -196 degreesC. The first system is a large-volume hydride generator, using a reagent-injection flow technique as a flow batch type, that has been fully optimized and applied to the simultaneous detection of alkylated species in estuarine waters. The technique permits the analysis of a large volume sample (0.5-11) at a sampling rate of 3 h(-1). The second is an online continuous flow hydride generator. A sampling rate of 3-12 h(-1) can be achieved with samples of 0.1-0.5 l. In addition, shipboard operation eliminates major problems related to sample pretreatment, transport and storage. Ultra-trace multi-element determination is finally performed in the laboratory by cryogenic GC hyphenated with ICP-MS. Routine detection limits of 0.5-10 pg (as metal) for 0.5 l water samples were achieved for the selected alkyl-metal(loid) species of arsenic, germanium, mercury and tin. Concentrations of various species, obtained from water samples taken from the Rhine estuary, are also presented. These species include alkylated arsenic compounds, other than methyl derivatives, that have been tentatively identified and are reported here for the first time.