Generalized conforming element (GCE) and quadrilateral area coordinate method (QACM)

This paper presents a brief review on the concepts and applications of Generalized Conforming Element (GCE) and Quadrilateral Area Coordinate Method (QACM). The GCE approach is initially derived from the modified potential energy principle (a multiple-variable principle), but finally the potential energy principle (a single-variable principle) is actually used to formulate the GCEs. These GCEs possess the advantages of both nonconforming and conforming elements. The QACM is generalized from the area coordinate method used in triangular elements. Those quadrilateral elements constructed by the QACM are insensitive to mesh distortion. Both the GCE and the QACM are effective tools for developments of high performance finite element models.