Applying agent negotiation to enhance instructor-learner interaction for learning effectiveness promotion

This study presents a novel model that integrates agent negotiation into adaptive learning for enhancing interaction efficiency between learner and instructor and promoting learning effectiveness. A constraint-based agent negotiation mechanism is employed to support a one-to-one interaction. Through the negotiation process, the instructor also can gradually perceive the learners' feedback and then reflect on the appropriateness of the learning sequence, adjust instructional goal, approach and scheme. The instructor can thus provide more adaptive teaching based on learners' specific needs to enhance learning effectiveness. Experimental results suggested that the proposed methodology was able to improve learning performance and learners also believed that the system enhanced their learning motivation and increased the flexibility of course learning.