BUSINESS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ISO 14001

The International Organization for Standardization ISO has developed the ISO 14000 series of standards for environmental management as a response to the concerns about sustainable development expressed at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro. The most important standard is ISO 14001, published in 1996 and slightly modified in 2004, which specifies requirements for environmental management systems. Worldwide, 188,815 organisations have obtained a certificate for their environmental management system based on this standard (ISO, 2009; figures December 2008). In this paper we intend to address the extent to which implementation of this standard has contributed to sustainability and also whether implementation is not only an expenditure but also a source of business benefits. In order to answer these questions, we have reviewed the existing literature on the impact of ISO 14001: does literature show evidence for environmental and/or business improvements of organisations that have implemented the standard? If so, for which performance indicators has this evidence been found? Does literature show any moderating variables for the impact of ISO 14001?