Two poorly-known species are systematically studied in detail: Nereis (Nereis) latipalpa Schmarda, 1861 from Cape Town, South Africa, and Nerds (Neanthes) larentukana Grube in Peters, 1881 from Larantuka, Flores, Indonesia. Both are raised from synonymy and transferred to the Perinereis nuntia species complex based upon the revision of type material using characters already known, novel, or even forgotten in the literature. Perinereis latipalpa n. comb. is different from its previous senior synonym P. vallata (Grube & Kroyer in Grube, 1858) and related species. The type or topotype specimens of three other nereidid species share the same relevant features as P latipalpa n. comb.; these are herein regarded as junior synonyms: Neanthes latipalpa Kinberg, 1865, Neanthes latipalpa typica Willey, 1904, and Perinereis namibia Wilson & Glasby, 1993. Perinereis larentukana n. comb. is redescribed and compared to specimens of the morphologically similar species P. nuntia (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818). An improved characterization of P. nuntia using Red Sea specimens similar to the type description was also performed in order to clarify its morphology and restrict the species-complex name content. Other synonymized species of the P. nuntia complex were recognized as distinct: Perinereis brevicirris Grube, 1866, P. quatrefagesi Grube, 1878, and P. weijhouensis Wu, Sun & Yang, 1981. This was based upon features not considered in the previous revisions but pointed out in the original descriptions. An identification key to the 20 currently valid species within the Perinereis nuntia complex is also provided.
