Comment: Every Action Is an Emotional Action

In action theory, emotional actions are standardly treated as exceptionscases where the normal springs of action are not functioning properly. My aim here is to argue that this is not so. We have plenty of evidencebeautifully brought together in the present special issuethat emotions play a crucial and often constitutive role in all the important phases of action preparation and initiation. Most of our actions are less stupid than, say, Zidane's head-butt (a paradigmatic emotional action), but all of our actions have emotional components. Actions can be more or less emotional, but they are never completely nonemotional.