β-catenin (CTNNB1) mutation and LEF1 expression in sinonasal glomangiopericytoma (sinonasal-type hemangiopericytoma)

Sinonasal glomangiopericytoma (SN-GPC) is an uncommon mesenchymal tumor with myoid differentiation. Recently, mutations in exon 3 of the gene coding for beta-catenin (CTNNB1) and its nuclear expression were discovered in SN-GPC. beta-catenin protein is a key regulatory molecule of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. The expression of beta-catenin target proteins is not well characterized in SN-GPC. We examined three SN-GPCs by immunohistochemistry and CTNNB1 mutation analysis. All cases expressed nuclear beta-catenin. We identified CTNNB1 exon 3 mutations in two analyzable cases. Lymphoid enhancerbinding factor 1 (LEF1), a protein downstream from beta-catenin, was also expressed in all cases. Our results further characterized the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway caused by CTIVNB1 exon 3 mutation and suggest the utility of LEF 1 immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of SN-GPC.