This article outlines the meaning of the emerging duty of "state neutrality" in the field of public school education. The author specifically examines how this notion impacts access to adequate education; the ramifications of state neutrality in regard to international human rights standards, particularly children's rights to education, freedom of religion or belief, and equal treatment; parental rights and liberties, particularly with regard to the upbringing and education of their children; and the impact of state neutrality on the position and role of primary school teachers. Additionally, this article contemplates the merits of neutrally teaching publically educated students on the subject of religion.