Finding Out What Matters in Decision-Making Related to Genomics and Personalized Medicine in Pediatric Oncology: Developing Attributes to Include in a Discrete Choice Experiment

Background Treatment decision-making in pediatric oncology can be complex. Recent advances in genome sequencing and novel or 'personalized' therapies potentially increases the complexity of decision-making and treatment options. Objectives This study explored the views and experiences of healthcare providers (HCPs) and parents with respect to decision-making in difficult-to-treat cancers, including genomic decision-making. Methods A two-phase qualitative study was undertaken in which oncologists and nurses and parents of children with relapsed and refractory cancers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analyzed thematically, with a focus on measurable themes relevant to the development of candidate attributes for a discrete choice experiment (DCE). Secondly, a review of studies that utilized stated preference experiments in the fields of genomics, medical decision-making, and pediatrics was undertaken and compared with the candidate attributes identified from interviews. Results Six candidate attributes were developed from the interview themes: clinical benefit, quality of life (QoL) including both treatment effects and functionality, likelihood of a target, cost (who pays), recommendation of HCP or extent family supported the decision, and whether a biopsy was needed. Two further candidate attributes were identified from the literature review: severity of illness and cost (dollar amount). Conclusions This study identified eight candidate attributes that will be further validated prior to developing a DCE aimed at better understanding factors influencing decision-making related to genomic sequencing and personalized medicine. This study and the proposed DCE will contribute to improving ethical and clinical practices in the application of novel genomic technology in pediatric oncology.