Du-zhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.) cortex water extract alters heme biosynthesis and erythrocyte antioxidant defense system in lead-administered rats

This study examined the ameliorative effect of a Du-zhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.) cortex water extract (DzCw) on heme biosynthesis and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities in lead (Pb)-administered rats. Male rats were divided into three groups: normal control group, Pb control group (Pb), and DzCw-administered Pb group (Ph + DzCw). The Ph (25 mg/kg of body weight) was administered orally once a week for 4 weeks, while the DzCw was administered orally at a dosage of 0.139 of DzCw/kg of body weight/day. DzCw administration significantly lowered plasma Ph concentration compared with the Ph group. Furthermore, the blood hematocrit and hemoglobin levels were significantly higher in the Pb + DzCw group than in the Pb group. Although the blood and hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activities were significantly lower in the Ph group compared with the normal control group, both ALAD activities was normalized with the administration of DzCw. The erythrocyte Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly higher in the Ph group than in the normal control group, whereas the glutathione peroxidase activity and glutathione level were lowered by Pb administration compared with the normal group. However, the administration of DzCw was found to enhance the antioxidant defense system and significantly lower lipid peroxidation levels in erythrocytes compared with the Pb group. These results indicate that the DzCw administration alleviated the Pb-induced oxidative stress in the erythrocytes through elevating the blood and hepatic ALAD activity and enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities.