Sacrococcygeal tumors in infancy and childhood; A retrospective histopathological review of 85 cases

This study retrospectively examines the spectrum of sacrococcygeal tumors reported in a tertiary paediatric pathology department during a 15-year period. There were 85 sacrococcygeal tumors identified in total, including 79 (93%) sacrococcygeal germ cell tumors, of which 62 (78%) were benign, whereas 17 (22%) contained malignant yolk sac tumor elements. The median age at examination in cases with malignant elements present was significantly greater than in those with benign sacrococcygeal teratoma only (median 2 years, range birth-3 years versus median 1 week, range birth-10 years, respective; p<.01). Of the 85 cases of total sacrococcygeal lesions 6 (7%) represented pathologies other than sacrococcygeal teraloma, including one case each of neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, myxopapillary ependymoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, lipomatous tumor, and unclassifiable inflammatory tumor. Of these 6 cases 3 were malignant (50%) compared with 17 of the 79 cases of sacrococcygeal germ cell tumors (22%; Z=1.59, p=.08). The median age in the group of non-germ-cell sacrococcygeal masses was 3 years (range 5 months to 13 years).