Natural convection among inner corrugated cylinders inside wavy enclosure filled with nanofluid superposed in porous-nanofluid layers

The natural convection of heat transfer is presented numerically using a temperature gradient from the hot inner corrugated cylinder. Different inner corrugated numbers located inside a cooled wavy-walled enclosure filled with two layers were simulated. The right layer is filled with Ag nanofluid and the left with a fully saturated porous media with similar nanofluid. The porous media with the nanofluid was modeled using the Darcy-Brinkman model. The main dimensionless equations are solved numerically using the method of Galerkin. This study considered the following dimensionless parameters: the Rayleigh number (10(6) >= Ra >= 10(3)), the Darcy number (0.1 >= Da >= 0.00001), the vertical location (0.2 >= H >= -0.2), the number of sinusoidal inner cylinders (6 >= N >= 3), fraction volume of the nanoparticle (0.1 >= phi >= 0), and porous layer thickness (0.8 >= X-p >= 0.2). Results suggest that to increase the fluid flow strength, the internal sinusoidal cylinder must move upward to increase the fluid flow strength. Increasing the thickness of the porous layer reduces the average heat transfer. Results indicate further that highest fluid flow strength occurs at N = 4 when the inner sinusoidal cylinder moves downward vertically.