Why is the developed world obese?

被引:228
作者
Bleich, Sara [1 ]
Cutler, David [2 ]
Murray, Christopher [3 ]
Adams, Alyce [4 ]
机构
[1] Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
[2] Harvard Univ, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
[3] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
[4] Harvard Univ, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA
关键词
obesity; developed countries; energy intake; energy expenditure; drivers of the energy imbalance;
D O I
10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090954
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
Obesity has risen dramatically in the past few decades. However the 1, relative contribution of energy intake and energy expenditure to rising obesity is not known. Moreover, the extent to which social and economic factors tip the energy balance is not well understood. This exploratory study estimates the relative contribution of increased caloric intake and reduced physical activity to obesity in developed countries using two methods of energy accounting. Results show that rising obesity is primarily the result of consuming more calories. We estimate multivariate regression models and use simulation analysis to explore technological and sociodemographic determinants of this dietary excess. Results indicate that the increase in caloric intake is associated with technological innovations as well as changing sociodemographic factors. This review offers useful insights to future research concerned with the etiology of obesity and suggests that obesity-related policies should focus on encouraging lower caloric intake.
引用
收藏
页码:273 / 295
页数:23
相关论文
共 55 条
[1]   COMPENDIUM OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES - CLASSIFICATION OF ENERGY COSTS OF HUMAN PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES [J].
AINSWORTH, BE ;
HASKELL, WL ;
LEON, AS ;
JACOBS, DR ;
MONTOYE, HJ ;
SALLIS, JF ;
PAFFENBARGER, RS .
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 1993, 25 (01) :71-80
[2]   Annual deaths attributable to obesity in the United States [J].
Allison, DB ;
Fontaine, KR ;
Manson, JE ;
Stevens, J ;
VanItallie, TB .
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 1999, 282 (16) :1530-1538
[3]   Maternal employment and overweight children [J].
Anderson, PM ;
Butcher, KF ;
Levine, PB .
JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS, 2003, 22 (03) :477-504
[4]   The relation between dietary change and rising US obesity [J].
Binkley, JK ;
Eales, J ;
Jekanowski, M .
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY, 2000, 24 (08) :1032-1039
[5]  
Birmingham CL, 1999, CAN MED ASSOC J, V160, P483
[6]   Declining rates of physical activity in the United States: What are the contributors? [J].
Brownson, RC ;
Boehmer, TK ;
Luke, DA .
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 2005, 26 :421-443
[7]   Public health response to the obesity epidemic: Too soon or too late? [J].
Byers, Tim ;
Sedjo, Rebecca L. .
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, 2007, 137 (02) :488-492
[8]   Why have Americans become more obese? [J].
Cutler, DM ;
Glaeser, EL ;
Shapiro, JM .
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES, 2003, 17 (03) :93-118
[9]   The regulation of entry [J].
Djankov, S ;
La Porta, R ;
Lopez-De-Silanes, F ;
Shleifer, A .
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, 2002, 117 (01) :1-37
[10]   ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY-INTAKE - ESTIMATES OF FOOD-SUPPLY V MEASUREMENT OF FOOD-CONSUMPTION [J].
DOWLER, EA ;
SEO, YO .
FOOD POLICY, 1985, 10 (03) :278-288