Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting among Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Among all cardiac surgeries, coronary artery bypass graft is frequently performed and is expected to improve the quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. This study aimed to look at the prevalence of the patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting among cardiac surgery cases at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Surgery department of a tertiary care hospital among 92 patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Participants were enrolled after the ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 574/2019). Epidemiological characters, functional New York Heart Association classification, and left ventricular function were evaluated. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2010 and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: The prevalence of coronary artery bypass graft in patients undergoing cardiac surgery was 49 (53.2%) (43.0-63.4 at 95% Confidence Interval). The mean age of 49 patients was 58.87 years. Hypertension 43 (88%), Dyslipidemia 34 (69%) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 25 (51%) were major comorbidities. The mean preoperative and postoperative ejection fraction was 48.2 +/- 10.5% and 52.6 +/- 6.0% respectively. The preoperative median New York Heart Association class was 3 whereas the post-operative class was 1. Mortality was seen in one (2.04%) patient. Conclusions: The prevalence of coronary artery bypass graft in the patient undergoing cardiac surgery was lower than noted in other studies.