Development as non-migration? Examining normative and policy coherence in EU external action on migration and development

Motivation Within the efforts of the European Union (EU) to govern migration, the nexus between migration and development has moved centre stage. Analysing how the EU has approached the migration-development nexus in its foreign policy from the perspective of policy coherence for development (PCD) allows this study to examine how far the EU migration-development nexus is coherent at the policy and normative level. Purpose How does the EU conceptualize PCD? To what extent does the EU's external action in the migration-development nexus strengthen or undermine its normative commitment to coherence for development? Methods and approach This article develops a conceptual framework of overall coherence for development, which consists of: (a) policy coherence; and (b) normative coherence for development. Both aspects are analysed through a qualitative content analysis of 18 expert interviews and EU policy documents. Findings The analysis shows that the EU perceives PCD as a policy-making tool and a technical mechanism to reach the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Furthermore, the EU's approach to the migration-development nexus is incoherent both at the policy and the normative levels. In its policies, much of the focus is on containment of migration to Europe. At the normative level, the EU proclaims a sedentary and place-bound notion of development. Policy implications The article contributes to the current debates on PCD in the EU and on the EU's external action in the migration-development nexus. In order to foster PCD, the EU should approach the migration-development nexus more holistically.