Determining the Effects of a 4-Week Structured Strength and Flexibility Exercise Program on Functional Status of Subjects with Osteoporosis

Background Osteoporosis is a systemic disease resulting in low bone mineral density, increased risk of fractures, and falls, muscle weakness, and compromised balance. Nutrition and physical exercise have been shown to be effective in the treatment of low bone mineral density and, with more severe osteoporosis, as adjuncts to pharmaceutical treatments. However, living with osteoporosis may diminish an individual's ability and confidence to perform activities that enhance bone density. Questions/Purposes This study investigated the following question: In women with osteoporosis, will there be a greater improvement in balance, lower-extremity strength, mobility, and confidence in performing ambulatory activities after participating in a structured exercise program as compared to a control group? Methods This was a prospective comparative trial in which 48 women who had a confirmed diagnosis of osteoporosis were enrolled in either an exercise group (a 4-week exercise program) or a control group (no structured exercise). Functional outcomes using valid and reliable tools were measured before and after exercise in the study group and at comparable times in the control group. Differences in function were assessed by paired t tests to evaluate group differences in functional outcomes. Results Of the 48 women recruited, 45 completed the study. Women in the exercise group (n = 27) demonstrated an increase in balance and lower-extremity strength over women in the control group (n = 18). Both groups showed an increase in mobility but no change in confidence in ambulation. Conclusion This study showed that women with osteoporosis demonstrated improved balance and lower-extremity strength after participating in a structured exercise program. These changes may be important in improving overall functional status.