Piloted simulation tools for aircraft departure analysis

This paper presents the piloted simulation tools and methods used on the Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (Bedford) flight simulators to investigate departures predicted by theoretical bifurcation analysis. In particular, the use of head down displays showing bifurcation diagrams, nonlinear dynamic inversion control; specific piloting approaches and 'spin templates' to classify departure modes is described. Piloted simulation time histories for autorotation, upright spins and deep stall of various aircraft are also presented. The paper concludes with recommendations on the 'optimum' combination of theoretical analysis and piloted simulation for complete departure analysis.