Arthroscopic Capsulolabral Reconstruction for Posterior Shoulder Instability Is Successful in Adolescent Athletes

Background: Posterior shoulder instability is an increasingly common pathology recognized in athletes. Adolescent athletes are especially at risk for this condition due to the widespread participation in numerous sports, including both overhead throwing and collision activities. Little data are available regarding surgical outcomes in these athletes with only a single small case series (N=25) currently published. Methods: In total, 68 athletes (82 shoulders) with unidirectional posterior shoulder instability were treated with arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral reconstruction and underwent an evaluation at a mean of 36 months postoperatively. The average age for our cohort was 17.2 years (range, 14 to 19 y), with 66 males (80%) and 16 females (20%). A total of 55 athletes (67%) participated in contact sports and 32 athletes (39%) participated in overhead throwing. Thirty athletes (37%) participated in multiple sports. Preoperative and postoperative outcomes data were retrospectively reviewed, and included the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder score, subjective stability score, strength, range of motion, and return-to-play status. Intraoperative findings and methods of fixation were also recorded. Results: Mean ASES score improved from 48.6 to 85.7 (P<0.001) after surgery. There were also significant improvements in stability, pain, and functional scores after surgery. Contact, throwing, and multisport athletes all showed similar scores at preoperative and follow-up timepoints, and no differences were noted between these athlete groups for any patient-reported outcome measure. Female athletes tended to have significantly lower preoperative and postoperative ASES scores, specifically within the pain domain when compared with males. With regard to the method of internal fixation, patients who underwent capsulolabral plications with suture anchors showed a trend toward greater improvement in ASES scores which did not reach statistical significance. Overall, 89% of athletes were able to return to competition, with 71% returning to their preinjury level of play. In total, 8.5% of athletes failed their initial surgical procedure with continued pain or instability that required revision surgery. Conclusions: Arthroscopic capsulolabral reconstruction is a reliable treatment for unidirectional posterior shoulder instability in an adolescent population, and does well for athletes involved in a variety of sporting activities.