High-resolution optical spectroscopy and magnetic properties of Yb3+ in Y2SiO5

Rare-earth doped crystals are promising systems for quantum information processing. In particular, paramagnetic rare earths could be used to build coherent interfaces with optical and microwave photons. In addition, isotopes with nonzero nuclear spins could provide long-lived states for quantum state storage and processing. Yb3+ is particularly interesting in this respect since it is the only paramagnetic rare earth with a spin-1/2 isotope, which corresponds to the simplest possible level structure. In this paper, we report on the optical and magnetic properties of Yb3+ in the two sites of Y2SiO5, a commonly used crystal for quantum applications. We measured optical inhomogeneous linewidths, peak absorption coefficients, oscillator strengths, and excited-state lifetimes. The Zeeman tensors were also determined in the ground and excited states, as well as the ground-state hyperfine tensor for the Yb-171(3+) (I = 1/2) isotope. These results suggest that Yb3+: Y2SiO5 is a promising material for applications like solid-state optical and microwave quantum memories.