Cosmological implications of galaxy cluster evolution

We analyse with hydrodynamical simulations the evolution of galaxy clusters in a cosmological environment. Power ratios are used to quantitatively relate cluster morphologies to their dynamical states. The simulated clusters follow the same 'evolutionary track' obeyed by a sample of low-redshift (z < 0.2) ROSAT PSPC clusters indicating that the detailed evolution of individual simulated clusters is consistent with observed clusters. However, the distribution of simulated clusters [for Omega = 1 standard cold dark matter (CDM)] along the evolutionary track at the present epoch, which indicates a measure of the present balance of cluster formation and relaxation rates, suggests that there are too many simulated clusters with significant amounts of substructure to be consistent with the observations, thus favouring a lower value of Omega. Perpendicular to the evolutionary track the distributions of observed and simulated clusters are consistent, which may indicate a success of the cosmological model (e.g., power spectrum). Analysis of high-redshift simulated clusters suggests that the distribution of clusters both along and perpendicular to the evolutionary track is effectively constant from z similar to 0.6 to the present, but changes significantly for z > 0.6.