Gaze-based interactions in the cockpit of the future: a survey

Flying an aircraft is a mentally demanding task where pilots must process a vast amount of visual, auditory and vestibular information. They have to control the aircraft by pulling, pushing and turning different knobs and levers, while knowing that mistakes in doing so can have fatal outcomes. Therefore, attempts to improve and optimize these interactions should not increase pilots' mental workload. By utilizing pilots' visual attention, gaze-based interactions provide an unobtrusive solution to this. This research is the first to actively involve pilots in the exploration of gaze-based interactions in the cockpit. By distributing a survey among 20 active commercial aviation pilots working for an internationally operating airline, the paper investigates pilots' perception and needs concerning gaze-based interactions. The results build the foundation for future research, because they not only reflect pilots' attitudes towards this novel technology, but also provide an overview of situations in which pilots need gaze-based interactions.