Tracking involvement over time: a longitudinal study of experiences among refugee parents involved as public contributors in health research

Purpose Patient and public involvement (PPI) is becoming more common in research, but has been problematized for lack of diversity. While PPI literature increasingly focuses on assessment of PPI on research, a focus on the contributors is less common. This study tracked the experiences of involvement among four refugee parents involved as public contributors in a child mental health trial, over three years. Methods The study used a longitudinal qualitative design with focus group discussions. Data were analysed using thematic analysis combined with a longitudinal analysis approach. Results The refugee parents' motivations for being involved changed from focusing on individual benefits to societal change. They initially viewed themselves as guests, which transformed into utilizing the group for social support. Time impacted trust-building positively, with continued collaboration strengthening trust. Practical aspects were dominant in the beginning, which shifted over time to allow more focus on research. They identified several learnings they gained from involvement. A discrepancy in how parents and researchers viewed involvement was identified, where parents saw researchers as owners of the research. Conclusions To sustain successful PPI collaboration over time, researchers need to prioritize investment in time and resources, in communication, including working with interpreters, and in continued adjustments.