Drinking cholera: salinity levels and palatability of drinking water in coastal Bangladesh

被引:17
|
作者
Grant, Stephen Lawrence [1 ]
Tamason, Charlotte Crim [1 ]
Hoque, Bilqis Amin [2 ]
Jensen, Peter Kjaer Mackie [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Publ Hlth, Copenhagen Ctr Disaster Res COPE, Copenhagen, Denmark
[2] Environm & Populat Res Ctr, Dhaka, Bangladesh
关键词
cholera; salinity; water sources; potable water; Bangladesh; TOXIGENIC VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TEMPERATURE; DISEASE; RISK; O1;
D O I
10.1111/tmi.12455
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
ObjectivesTo measure the salinity levels of common water sources in coastal Bangladesh and explore perceptions of water palatability among the local population to investigate the plausibility of linking cholera outbreaks in Bangladesh with ingestion of saline-rich cholera-infected river water. MethodsHundred participants took part in a taste-testing experiment of water with varying levels of salinity. Salinity measurements were taken of both drinking and non-drinking water sources. Informal group discussions were conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of water sources and water uses. ResultsSalinity levels of non-drinking water sources suggest that the conditions for Vibrio cholerae survival exist 7-8days within the local aquatic environment. However, 96% of participants in the taste-testing experiment reported that they would never drink water with salinity levels that would be conducive to V.cholerae survival. Furthermore, salinity levels of participant's drinking water sources were all well below the levels required for optimal survival of V.cholerae. Respondents explained that they preferred less salty and more aesthetically pleasing drinking water. ConclusionTheoretically, V.cholerae can survive in the river systems in Bangladesh; however, water sources which have been contaminated with river water are avoided as potential drinking water sources. Furthermore, there are no physical connecting points between the river system and drinking water sources among the study population, indicating that the primary driver for cholera cases in Bangladesh is likely not through the contamination of saline-rich river water into drinking water sources. ObjectifsMesurer les niveaux de salinite des sources courantes d'eau en zone cotiere, au Bangladesh et explorer les perceptions de la palatabilite de l'eau dans la population locale afin d'etudier la plausibilite de relier les epidemies de cholera au Bangladesh a l'ingestion d'une eau de riviere infectee par le cholera et riche en sel. Methodes100 participants ont pris part a une experience de test du gout de l'eau avec differents niveaux de salinite. Les mesures de salinite ont ete effectuees a la fois sur des sources d'eau non-potable et d'eau potable. Des discussions de groupes informelles ont ete menees pour obtenir une comprehension approfondie des sources d'eau et des utilisations de l'eau. ResultatsLes niveaux de salinite des sources d'eau non-potable suggerent que les conditions pour la survie de V. cholerae existent 7 a 8 jours dans l'environnement aquatique local. Cependant, 96% des participants a l'experience de tests du gout ont declare qu'ils n'auraient jamais bu de l'eau avec des niveaux de salinite qui seraient propices a la survie de V. cholerae. De plus, les niveaux de salinite des sources d'eau potable des participants etaient tous bien en dessous des niveaux requis pour la survie optimale de V. cholerae. Les repondants ont explique qu'ils preferaient de l'eau potable moins salee et plus esthetique. ConclusionTheoriquement, V. cholerae peut survivre dans les systemes fluviaux au Bangladesh. Cependant, les sources d'eau qui ont ete contaminees avec de l'eau de la riviere sont evitees comme sources potentielles d'eau potable. En outre, il n'y a pas de points physiques de connexions entre le systeme de la riviere et les sources d'eau potable au sein de la population de l'etude, indiquant que le principal moteur des cas de cholera au Bangladesh n'est probablement pas la contamination des sources d'eau potable par l'eau du fleuve riche en sel. ObjetivosMedir los niveles de salinidad de las fuentes de agua mas comunes en la costa de Bangladesh, y explorar las percepciones sobre la palatabilidad del agua entre la poblacion local, con el fin de investigar la factibilidad de relacionar los brotes de colera en Bangladesh con la ingestion de agua de rio, rica en sal, infectada con colera . Metodos100 personas participaron en las pruebas de sabor de aguas con diversos niveles de salinidad. Las medidas de salinidad se tomaron tanto para fuentes de agua potable como no potable. Se organizaron grupos de discusion informales para conseguir informacion detallada sobre las fuentes de agua y sus usos. ResultadosLos niveles de salinidad de las fuentes de agua no potable sugieren que las condiciones para la supervivencia del V. cholerae existen durante 7-8 dias en el ambiente acuatico local. Sin embargo, un 96% de los participantes en el prueba de sabor de las aguas reportaron que ellos nunca beberian agua con los niveles de salinidad que serian adecuados para la supervivencia de V. cholerae. Mas aun, los niveles de salinidad de las fuentes de agua potable de los participantes estaban todas muy por debajo de los niveles requeridos para la supervivencia de V. cholerae. Quienes respondieron explicaron que preferian beber agua menos salada y esteticamente mas agradable. ConclusionEn teoria, V. cholerae puede sobrevivir en los sistemas fluviales de Bangladesh; sin embargo las fuentes de agua que han sido contaminadas con agua de rio son evitadas como posibles fuentes de agua potable. Mas aun, no hay puntos que conecten fisicamente los sistemas fluviales y las fuentes de agua potable de la poblacion de estudio, lo cual indica que el principal factor de los casos de colera en Bangladesh probablemente no tiene que ver con la contaminacion de las fuentes de agua potable con agua de rio rica en sal.
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页码:455 / 461
页数:7
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