General anesthesia for emergency cesarean delivery: simulation-based evaluation of residents

Introduction: Decreased rates of General Anesthesia (GA) for Cesarean Section (C-section) create a learning problem for anesthesia trainees. In this context, training the management of GA for C-section using simulation techniques allows a safe environment for exposure, learning, performance improvement, and capability retention. Objective: Analyze anesthesia residents' performance regarding a simulated clinical case of GA for emergency C-section and identify specific deficits in skill acquisition. Methods: Between 2015 and 2018, we evaluated the performance of 25 anesthesiology residents challenged by a simulated clinical case of GA for emergency C-section after the conclusion of the obstetric anesthesia rotation. Each resident performed the clinical case once followed by the assessment of their performance. Final scores were given according to the completion rate of 14-tasks, going from 0% to 100%. Two study groups were considered according to residency year for subsequent comparison of results (Group 1, second and third residency years and Group 2, fourth and fifth residency years). Results and discussion: Mean score was 64.29% +/- 13.62. Comparatively, Group 1 obtained a higher score than Group 2 (70.63% +/- 14.02 vs. 60.27% +/- 11.94), although with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.063). The tasks most frequently accomplished were opioid administration (100%), rapid sequence technique (100%), pre-oxygenation (92%), gastric content aspiration prophylaxis (84%), and previous clinical history (84%). Conversely, the tasks less frequently accomplished were confirming presence of pediatrician (64%), oxytocin administration (56%), PONV prophylaxis (56%), and preoperative airway assessment (48%). Conclusion: The performance of the residents observed in this study was comparable to results previously published. The final score did not depend on the residency year. (c) 2021 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/).