An Evaluation of the Counseling on Access to Lethal Means (CALM) Training with an Area Agency on Aging

Firearms are a significant risk factor in suicide and older adults are disproportionately impacted in suicide by this means. This study investigated the impact of Counseling on Access to Lethal Means (CALM) training with geriatric case managers at an Area Agency on Aging. A concurrent mixed methods approach was used to explore 1) geriatric case managers' attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral intentions about counseling on access to lethal means following CALM training, and 2) perceived barriers to assessing for suicidality and counseling clients on access to firearms. The CALM evaluation data was collected immediately posttest at CALM training, at three-month follow up. Results indicated that 38% of respondents reported they had, since CALM training, discussed reducing access to lethal means with clients and/or families. At three-month follow up, data showed that most beliefs, attitudes, and behavior intentions about counseling clients and families on this topic increased. Focus group findings indicated that training had a positive effect on participants' attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral intentions about counseling on access to lethal means.The findings of the present study offer additional evidence and implication for trainings of this type.