Environmental protection in the Russian Federation: A case study of lead contamination around a crystal production facility

The Vladimir area of Middle Russia has a history of crystal and glass production since the 18th century. This case study centres on lead distribution within the vicinity of a lead crystal production facility. There is no evidence in the local geology of any significant levels of naturally occurring lead. Currently applied technology and the environmental performance of crystal production are considered, as is compliance with environmental legislation. To obtain an actual picture of lead distribution in the environment, lead contents in soils, air, water and biota were determined. Moss bags were used to monitor air pollution on a longer term basis. Possible environmentally benign improvements to local crystal production are discussed.