Lipid-induced β-cell dysfunction and oxidative stress

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by both insulin resistance and defective insulin secretion. Obesity is the major predisposing factor for Type 2 diabetes and is associated with excessive release of fatty acids from the expanded adipose tissue, leading to elevated plasma free fatty acid, known to induce insulin resistance and decrease p-cell function and mass. The purpose of this review is to discuss the mechanisms of the effect of prolonged fat exposure on pancreatic p-cells, known as lipotoxicity, with particular regard to p-cell function. The role of oxidative stress is emphasized, as it was shown by recent studies to play a significant role in the development of lipotoxicity and Type 2 diabetes.