2D/2D heterostructured photocatalyst: Rational design for energy and environmental applications

Two-dimensional/two-dimensional (2D/2D) hybrid nanomaterials have triggered extensive research in the photocatalytic field. The construction of emerging 2D/2D heterostructures can generate many intriguing advantages in exploring high-performance photocatalysts, mainly including preferable dimensionality design allowing large contact interface area, integrated merits of each 2D component and rapid charge separation by the heterojunction effect. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress on the fundamental aspects, general synthesis strategies (in situ growth and ex situ assembly) of 2D/2D heterostructured photocatalysts and highlight their applications in the fields of hydrogen evolution, CO2 reduction and removal of pollutants. Furthermore, the perspectives on the remaining challenges and future opportunities regarding the development of 2D/2D heterostructure photocatalysts are also presented.