Performance Analysis of GNSS Spoofing Mitigation Techniques based on Array Antennas in Various Spoofing Scenarios

In this paper, the performance of several spoofing mitigation techniques using multiple receive antennas is compared and analyzed under various spoofing attack scenarios. We consider three different spoofing attack scenarios in this paper. In the first scenario, the received power of the spoofing signal is 5 dB higher than that of the satellite signal and the spoofing signal has a completely different code phase and doppler frequency from the satellite signal at the GNSS receiver. In the second scenario, the received power of the spoofing signal is 5 dB higher than that of the satellite signal and the spoofing signal has 0.45 chip delay in the code phase of the satellite signal at the GNSS receiver. In the third scenario, the received power of the spoofing signal is 0-2 dB higher than that of the satellite signal and the spoofing signal has 0.45 chip delay in the code phase of the satellite signal at the GNSS receiver. The uniform circular array consists of 4, 5, or 7 elements. The software-based GPS L1 C / A signal generator and the spoofing signals generator is designed. The software-based GPS receiver for anti-spoofing techniques based on array antenna is also designed. As indicators for performance, the array antenna radiation pattern, the accuracy of DoA estimation, C/N0 after applying the anti-spoofing technique, and code tracking error are used. From the results, it is confirmed that the accuracy of the DoA estimation increases as the number of antennas increases when the received power of the spoofing signal is sufficiently higher than that of the satellite signal. However, the performance of the spoofing mitigation technique becomes deteriorated when the received power of the spoofing signal is similar to that of the satellite signal even though the number of antenna elements is large enough.