A Systematic Review of Sequential Multiple-Assignment Randomized Trials in Educational Research

The purpose of this systematic review is to describe the state of the art of sequential multiple-assignment randomized trials in education research. An iterative, systematic search strategy yielded thirteen reports for synthesis. We coded eligible reports for study characteristics, population, intervention, outcomes, SMART design components, overall findings, and study quality. Of the thirteen included reports, nine were completed studies at either the full or the pilot design stage, and four were published protocols. All studies measured educational and/or psychosocial outcomes, few studies included measures of achievement, and studies were primarily conducted outside of the classroom setting. We evaluate the current uses of SMARTs in education research and discuss the promise of this design and how it is well-suited for the dynamic nature of education research, diverse student populations, and the field of educational research.