Implementation of a Modular Distributed Fault-Tolerant Controller for MMC Applications

Centralized control algorithm limits the hardware flexibility of a modular multilevel converter (MMC). Therefore, distributed control structure has recently started to be seen in the industry application. Even though distributed controller reduces a single point of failure risk compared to the centralized controller, the failure risk of the entire control systems increases due to the number of local controllers. However, the distributed controller can be programmed in such a way as to replace the faulty local controller and sustain the MMC operation. In this paper, the distributed modular fault-tolerant controller is implemented in a laboratory-scale MMC prototype. The controller is built to control four SMs per phase for the proof-of-concept. Therefore, the MMC prototype is also built by two SMs per arm. The controller capability is validated with experimental and the Opal-RT result-time simulator results in a control-hardware-in-loop (CHIL) environment.