Yield limit interaction relations for biaxially loaded non-sway steel beam-columns with applied torsion

This paper presents yield limit interaction relations for biaxially loaded non-sway steel beam-columns with a concentrated torsional moment applied at the bottom end. The interaction relations are based on an experimentally verified general analysis for hollow square section and then utilized for predicting the behavior of both rectangular and I-shaped section members. The analysis includes p-delta effects and initial residual stresses. A set of new yield limit interaction expressions are finally developed, including the influence of applied torsion. The use of interaction relations is demonstrated by means of analysis and design examples. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.