Toward Optimized 89Zr-Immuno-PET: Side-by-Side Comparison of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-, [89Zr]Zr-3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO)- and [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-Cetuximab for Tumor Imaging: Which Chelator Is the Most Suitable?

Zr-89 represents a highly favorable positron emitter for application in immuno-PET (Positron Emission Tomography) imaging. Clinically, the Zr-89(4+) ion is introduced into antibodies by complexation with desferrioxamine B. However, producing complexes of limited kinetic inertness. Therefore, several new chelators for Zr-89 introduction have been developed over the last years. Of these, the direct comparison of the most relevant ones for clinical translation, DFO* and 3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO), is still missing. Thus, we directly compared DFO with DFO* and 3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO) immunoconjugates to identify the most suitable agent stable Zr-89-complexation. The chelators were introduced into cetuximab, and an optical analysis method was developed, enabling the efficient quantification of derivatization sites per protein. The cetuximab conjugates were efficiently obtained and radiolabeled with Zr-89 at 37 degrees C within 30 min, giving the [Zr-89]Zr-cetuximab derivatives in high radiochemical yields and purities of >99% as well as specific activities of 50 MBq/mg. The immunoreactive fraction of all Zr-89-labeled cetuximab derivatives was determined to be in the range of 86.5-88.1%. In vivo PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies in tumor-bearing animals revealed a comparable and significantly higher kinetic inertness for both [Zr-89]Zr-3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO)-cetuximab and [Zr-89]Zr-DFO*-cetuximab, compared to [Zr-89]Zr-DFO-cetuximab. Of these, [Zr-89]Zr-DFO*-cetuximab showed a considerably more favorable pharmacokinetic profile with significantly lower liver and spleen retention than [Zr-89]Zr-3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO)-cetuximab. Since [Zr-89]Zr-DFO* demonstrates a very high kinetic inertness, paired with a highly favorable pharmacokinetic profile of the resulting antibody conjugate, DFO* currently represents the most suitable chelator candidate for stable Zr-89-radiolabeling of antibodies and clinical translation.