Habitat use in juvenile and adult life stages of the sedentary fish Hippocampus guttulatus

Understanding of the spatial distribution and habitat use in different stages of a life cycle represents the essential aspect of threatened species management and conservation. In the present paper, the spatial and temporal patterns of habitat use in juvenile and adult life stages of the long-snouted seahorse Hippocampus guttulatus in the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Apulia-Italy) (40A degrees 28'N, 17A degrees 16'W) were examined. From October 2012 to January 2014, monthly visual censuses were conducted in six coastal habitats of a focal area (Buffoluto site). Of a total of 317 individuals of the long-snouted seahorse that were sighted, 148 were juveniles, 82 adult females and 87 adult males. Our results showed significant differences in the habitat use between adult and juvenile life stages of H. guttulatus. Adult individuals were mainly concentrated within Cladophora prolifera beds and the wood poles of a mussel farm at 2-4 m of depth, while juvenile individuals were mainly present in shallower water (0.4-1 m) on artificial hard substrates covered by a brown algae turf. Assessing and describing the habitat use within different life stages of H. guttulatus represent a useful tool to support species conservation by protecting the habitats it uses.