("Machiavellian") electoral system and party system (with majoritarian bias)

The Spanish electoral system for the congressional elections is a paradigmatic case in Comparative Law on how to influence the party system. This electoral system promotes very well disciplined political organizations and reduces the possibilities to get seats, which implies a benefit for the major parties in electoral and economic terms, marginalising minor parties. The electoral system must be reformed to generate equal opportunities to the parties and to incentivize political participation of citizenship and a greater involvement on the democratic functioning of the institutions.