Strategies to optimize implementation of novel preceptorship models: Peer-assisted learning and near-peer teaching

Introduction: Hospital experiential placements have traditionally used a 1:1 (student to preceptor) ratio. Two models, peer-assisted learning (PAL) and near-peer teaching (NPT), have been described in the literature for education of health professions. This research explored the use of PAL and NPT, as well as advantages, challenges, and strategies to address challenges for implementation. Methods: This study used an anonymous survey to solicit feedback from staff pharmacists and pharmacy leaders about their use of PAL and NPT models in hospital settings in Alberta, Canada. Using closed and open-ended questions, experience with each model and implementation considerations were explored. Results: The survey was completed by 115 hospital pharmacists (11% response rate). PAL and NPT were utilized by 25% and 8% of respondents, respectively, and 10% had experience with both models. Advantages of these models include promoting teamwork and clinical independence, learners supporting each other, and fostering active learning. The highest ranked challenges were space/technology/computer access limitations and additional time to complete learner assessments. Many strategies were provided to address challenges, and facilitate implementation and utilization. Conclusion: In the hospital setting, pharmacists used PAL more commonly than NPT. Feedback from pharmacists and leaders affirmed the advantages and challenges associated with use of these precepting models. Strategies to facilitate and optimize use were provided, which will guide faculty, pharmacy leaders, and preceptors in efforts to support implementation to increase capacity and expand the practice of precepting.