A low cost of phosphate-based binder for Mn2+ and NH4+-N simultaneous stabilization in electrolytic manganese residue

Electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) is a solid waste remained in filters after using sulfuric acid to leaching manganese carbonate ore. EMR contains high concentration of soluble manganese (Mn2+) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), which seriously pollutes the environment. In this study, a low cost of phosphate based binder for Mn2+ and NH4+-N stabilization in EMR by low grade-MgO (LG-MgO) and superphosphate was studied. The effects of different types of stabilizing agent on the concentrations of NH4+-N and Mn2+, the pH of the EMR leaching solution, stabilizing mechanisms of NH4+-N and Mn2+, leaching test and economic analysis were investigated. The results shown that the pH of the EMR leaching solution was 8.07, and the concentration of Mn2+ was 1.58 mg/L, both of which met the integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB8978-1996), as well as the concentration of NH4+-N decreased from 523.46 mg/L to 32 mg/L, when 4.5 wt.% LG-MgO and 8 wt.% superphosphate dosage were simultaneously used for the stabilization of EMR for 50 d Mn2+ and NH4+-N were mainly stabilized by Mn-3(PO4)(2)center dot 2H(2)O, MnOOH, Mn3O4, Mn(H2PO4)(2)center dot 2H(2)O and NH4MgPO4 center dot 6H(2)O. Economic evaluation revealed that the treatment cost of EMR was $ 11.89/t. This study provides a low-cost materials for NH4+-N and Mn2+ stabilization in EMR.