Use of epoxidized rubber seed oil as a coupling agent and a plasticizer in silica-filled natural rubber compounds

To obtain good reinforcement by silica filler in nonpolar rubbers, it is almost essential to use coupling agents, such as bis(triethoxy silyl propyl) tetrasulfane (TESPT). Chemicals that can interact with the silanol groups on the silica particles and reduce their network formation are also expected to enhance reinforcement. We made a comparative evaluation of TESPT, epoxidized rubber seed oil (ERSO), and their combination as a coupling agent and a plasticizer in silica-filled natural rubber compounds. The results indicate that compounds containing ERSO showed physical and mechanical properties between that of TESPT and naphthenic oil. The action of ERSO in the improvement of the properties was expected to be bifunctional and similar to that of TESPT; that is, it caused the hydrophobation of silica, which increased its degree of dispersion and the formation of chemical bonds with the rubber, thereby ensuring strong polymer-filler interactions. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.