ANALYSIS OF LOAD AND PLAYERS' EFFORT IN 4vs4 SMALL-SIDED HANDBALL GAMES IN RELATION TO COURT DIMENSIONS

The aim of the present study was to analyse load to which players were exposed and effort they invested in 4vs4 small-sided handball games in relation to various court dimensions. Eight male amateur handball players participated in three eight-minute 4vs4 (plus goalkeepers) small-sided handball games. The three court dimensions were 12x24 m, 30x15 m and 32x16 m. Using Global Positioning System devices (SPI proelite 15Hz, GPSports), time-motion video analysis, and Borgs scale for rating of perceived exertion (RPE), the following performance, physiological and psychological parameters were recorded: cyclic movements for distance covered, acyclic movements for the number of technical actions executed, heart rate, and RPE. The total distance travelled increased with the increase in court size (948.1 +/- 64.5, 1087.2 +/- 92.0 and 1079.8 +/- 90.6 on the 24x12 m, 30x15 m and 32x16 m court, respectively; p<.05). The distance covered by the players in four speed zones revealed a substantial difference between the games played on the 24x12 and 30x15m courts in the first and third (p<.05; moderate ES) speed zone. On the 24x12 m court the players covered more distance while moving in the first speed zone, but less distance when moving in the third speed zone (p<.05; moderate ES). On the 30x15 m court the players covered less distance while moving in the first speed zone, but they covered more distance by moving in the third speed zone (p<.05; moderate ES). There were no substantial differences found for the second and fourth speed zone cyclic movements and distances covered on all the three experimental court sizes. No statistical differences between the games played on various court dimensions were found in acyclic movements. No statistical differences were found in the analysis of heart rate either. Further analysis of players self-evaluated effort confirmed the trend of heart rate values, showing no statistical differences in the RPE values among the three different court dimensions. Our findings indicate that changing court dimensions during 4vs4 small-sided handball games could influence load imposed on players and their exertion.