Evaluation of Rainfall Forecasts by Three Mesoscale Models during the Mei-yu Season of 2008 in Taiwan. Part II: Development of an Object-Oriented Method

This study describes a recently developed object-oriented method suitable for Taiwan for the purpose to verify quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) produced by mesoscale models as a complement to the traditional approaches in existence. Using blended data from the rain-gauge network in Taiwan and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) as the observation, the method developed herein is applied to twice-daily 0-48 h QPFs produced by the Cloud-Resolving Storm Simulator (CReSS) during the South-West Monsoon Experiment (SoWMEX) in May-June 2008. In this method, rainfall objects are identified through a procedure that includes smoothing and thresholding. Various attribute parameters and the characteristics of observed and forecast rain-area objects are then compared and discussed. Both the observed and the QPF frequency distributions of rain-area objects with respect to total water production, object size, and rainfall are similar to chi-distribution, with highest frequency at smaller values and decreased frequencies toward greater values. The model tends to produce heavier rainfall than observation, while the latter exhibits a higher percentage of larger objects with weaker rainfall intensity. The distributions of shape-related attributes are similar between QPF and observed rainfall objects, with more northeast-southwest oriented and fewer northwest-southeast oriented objects. Both observed and modeled object centroid locations have relative maxima over the terrain of Taiwan, indicating reasonable response to the topography. The above results are consistent with previous studies.