TDOA/FDOA joint estimation in a correlated noise environment

Three typical algorithms for joint estimation of time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA), including complex ambiguity function method based on the second-order-statistics (CAF-SOS), complex ambiguity function method based on higher-order-statistics (CAF-HOS), and a two-step algorithm based on moment calculations are reviewed, after which two new methods are introduced for correlated noise cancellation via cumulant manipulations. One is a pure HOS-based method while the other is a SOS/HOS integrated method. Both of these two algorithms estimate the TDOA/FDOA in a separate manner, which are superior to the conventional complex ambiguity method for lower computational burden. They also excel the moment method in insensitivity to the spatially correlated noise. Simulation results are given to validate the behavior of the proposed methods.