Solid-liquid and high-pressure (liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide) extraction of Echinacea purpurea L.

In this research, conventional solid-liquid (SE) and high-pressure extractions (liquid (LCDE) and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE)) of Echinacea purpurea L. (aerial parts) were separately investigated. Temperature (33.8-76.2 degrees C) and ethanol concentration (21.7-78.3%) were investigated SE parameters and their influence on total phenols content (TP), total flavonoids content (TF) and antioxidant activity, determined by DPPH assay, was determined. On the other hand, in SFE, influence of temperature (40, 50 and 60 degrees C) and extraction time (1-3 h) on total extraction yield was investigated. The highest extraction yield, at given pressure, has been achieved at the temperature of 40 degrees C. In case of LCDE, experiments were performed at different pressures pressure (60, 80 and 100 bar). Chemical profile of E. purpurea lipid extracts obtained by LCDE and SFE, as well as, essential oil isolated from extract obtained by SFE, was determined by GC-MS and terpenoid compounds (particularly sesquiterpenes) were the most abundant compounds in all samples. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.