In the last 30 years, the social and linguistic articulation of the Afghan in Pakistan and Iran has gone from muhajir [refugee], to migrant, and even to terrorist. This article provides an overview of that transformation to demonstrate that it depends more on external factors rather than any fundamental change in the conditions structuring Afghan migration. Examining the migration regime operating between Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran further confirms the problems of a refugee/migrant dualism.
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Univ Sao Paulo, Univ Hosp, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil
Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Univ Hosp, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil
Lotufo, Paulo A.
Goulart, Alessandra C.
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Univ Sao Paulo, Univ Hosp, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil
Univ Sao Paulo, Hosp Clin, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Univ Hosp, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil
Goulart, Alessandra C.
Fernandes, Tiotrefis G.
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Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil
Univ Fed Amazonas, Coari, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Univ Hosp, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil
Fernandes, Tiotrefis G.
Bensenor, Isabela M.
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Univ Sao Paulo, Univ Hosp, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil
Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Univ Hosp, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil
机构:
Albert Einstein Coll Med, Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Bronx, NY 10467 USAAlbert Einstein Coll Med, Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA