Direct measurement of the muonic content of extensive air showers between 2x 1017 and 2x 1018 eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory

被引：0

作者：

Aab, A. ^{[85
]}

Abreu, P. ^{[75
,76
]}

Aglietta, M. ^{[57
,58
]}

Albury, J. M. ^{[19
]}

Allekotte, I ^{[1
,2
]}

Almela, A. ^{[15
,18
]}

Castillo, J. Alvarez ^{[71
]}

Alvarez-Muniz, J. ^{[84
]}

Anastasi, G. A. ^{[57
,66
]}

Anchordoqui, L. ^{[92
]}

Andrada, B. ^{[15
]}

Andringa, S. ^{[75
,76
]}

Aramo, C. ^{[55
]}

Ferreira, P. R. Araujo ^{[47
]}

Asorey, H. ^{[15
]}

Assis, P. ^{[75
,76
]}

Avila, G. ^{[16
,17
]}

Badescu, A. M. ^{[79
]}

Bakalova, A. ^{[37
]}

Balaceanu, A. ^{[77
]}

Barbato, F. ^{[55
,64
]}

Luz, R. J. Barreira ^{[75
,76
]}

Becker, K. H. ^{[43
]}

Bellido, J. A. ^{[19
]}

Berat, C. ^{[41
,42
]}

Bertaina, M. E. ^{[57
,66
]}

Bertou, X. ^{[1
,2
]}

Biermann, P. L. ^{[100
]}

Bister, T. ^{[47
]}

Biteau, J. ^{[39
]}

Blanco, A. ^{[75
,76
]}

Blazek, J. ^{[37
]}

Bleve, C. ^{[41
,42
]}

Bohacova, M. ^{[37
]}

Boncioli, D. ^{[51
]}

Bonifazi, C. ^{[31
]}

Arbeletche, L. Bonneau ^{[26
]}

Borodai, N. ^{[72
]}

Botti, A. M. ^{[15
]}

Brack, J. ^{[103
]}

Bretz, T. ^{[47
]}

Briechle, F. L. ^{[47
]}

Buchholz, P. ^{[49
]}

Bueno, A. ^{[82
,83
]}

Buitink, S. ^{[21
]}

Buscemi, M. ^{[52
,62
]}

Caballero-Mora, K. S. ^{[70
]}

Caccianiga, L. ^{[63
]}

Calcagni, L. ^{[8
,9
]}

Cancio, A. ^{[15
,18
]}

机构：

[1] Ctr Atom Bariloche, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina

[2] CNEA UNCuyo CONICET, Inst Balseiro, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina

[3] CITEDEF, Ctr Invest Laseres & Aplicac, Villa Martelli, Argentina

[4] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Villa Martelli, Argentina

[5] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, FCEyN, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[6] Univ Buenos Aires, FCEyN, Dept Ciencias Atmosfera & Oceanos, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[7] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[8] Univ Nacl La Plata, IFLP, La Plata, Argentina

[9] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, La Plata, Argentina

[10] Inst Astron & Fis Espacio IAFE CONICET UBA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[11] CONICET UNR, Inst Fis Rosario IFIR, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina

[12] UNR, Fac Ciencias Bioquim & Farmaceut, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina

[13] UNSAM, CONICET, CNEA, Inst Tecnol Detecc & Astroparticulas, Mendoza, Argentina

[14] Univ Tecnol Nacl, Fac Reg Mendoza, CONICET, CNEA, Mendoza, Argentina

[15] UNSAM, Inst Tecnol Detecc & Astroparticulas, CONICET, CNEA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[16] Observ Pierre Auger, Malargue, Argentina

[17] Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Malargue, Argentina

[18] Univ Tecnol Nacl, Fac Reg Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina

[19] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

[20] Univ Libre Bruxelles ULB, Brussels, Belgium

[21] Vrije Univ Brussels, Brussels, Belgium

[22] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

[23] Ctr Fed Educ Tecnol Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Nova Friburgo, Brazil

[24] Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Engn Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil

[25] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil

[26] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

[27] Univ Estadual Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil

[28] Univ Estadual Feira de Santana, Feira De Santana, BA, Brazil

[29] Univ Fed ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil

[30] Univ Fed Parana, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil

[31] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

[32] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Observ Valongo, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

[33] Univ Fed Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil

[34] Univ Medellin, Medellin, Colombia

[35] Univ Ind Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia

[36] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Prague, Czech Republic

[37] Czech Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic

[38] Palacky Univ, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic

[39] Univ Paris Saclay, IJCLab, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France

[40] Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies LPNHE, Paris, France

[41] Univ Paris 07, LPSC IN2P3, Paris, France

[42] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Inst Engn Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPSC IN2P3, F-38000 Grenoble, France

[43] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, Wuppertal, Germany

[44] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Expt Particle Phys ETP, Karlsruhe, Germany

[45] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Kernphys, Karlsruhe, Germany

[46] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Prozessdatenverarbeitung & Elekt, Karlsruhe, Germany

[47] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst A 3, Aachen, Germany

[48] Univ Hamburg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, Hamburg, Germany

[49] Univ Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Phys Expt Teilchenphys, Siegen, Germany

[50] Gran Sasso Sci Inst, Laquila, Italy

来源：

EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C | 2020年 / 80卷 / 08期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 巴西圣保罗研究基金会; 澳大利亚研究理事会;

关键词：

MASS COMPOSITION; ENERGIES;

D O I：

10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8055-y

中图分类号：

O412 [相对论、场论]; O572.2 [粒子物理学];

学科分类号：

摘要：

The hybrid design of the Pierre Auger Observatory allows for the measurement of the properties of extensive air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays with unprecedented precision. By using an array of prototype underground muon detectors, we have performed the first direct measurement, by the Auger Collaboration, of the muon content of air showers between 2x1017 and 2x1018 eV. We have studied the energy evolution of the attenuation-corrected muon density, and compared it to predictions from air shower simulations. The observed densities are found to be larger than those predicted by models. We quantify this discrepancy by combining the measurements from the muon detector with those from the Auger fluorescence detector at 1017.5 eV and 1018 eV. We find that, for the models to explain the data, an increase in the muon density of 38%+/- 4%(12%)+/- 18%21% for EPOS-LHC, and of 50%(53%)+/- 4%(13%)+/- 20%23% for QGSJetII-04, is respectively needed.

引用

页数：19

共 4 条

[1] Measurement of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum above 2.5 x 1018 eV using the Pierre Auger Observatory
Aab, A.
Abreu, P.
Aglietta, M.
Albury, J. M.
Allekotte, I
Almela, A.
Castillo, J. Alvarez
Alvarez-Muniz, J.
Batista, R. Alves
Anastasi, G. A.
Anchordoqui, L.
Andrada, B.
Andringa, S.
Aramo, C.
Ferreira, P. R. Araujo
Asorey, H.
Assis, P.
Avila, G.
Badescu, A. M.
Bakalova, A.
Balaceanu, A.
Barbato, F.
Luz, R. J. Barreira
Becker, K. H.
Bellido, J. A.
Berat, C.
Bertaina, M. E.
Bertou, X.
Biermann, P. L.
Bister, T.
Biteau, J.
Blanco, A.
Blazek, J.
Bleve, C.
Bohacova, M.
Boncioli, D.
Bonifazi, C.
Arbeletche, L. Bonneau
Borodai, N.
Botti, A. M.
Brack, J.
Bretz, T.
Briechle, F. L.
Buchholz, P.
Bueno, A.
Buitink, S.
Buscemi, M.
Caballero-Mora, K. S.
Caccianiga, L.
Calcagni, L.
PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2020, 102 (06)
[2] Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4 x 1018 eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory
Aab, A.
Abreu, P.
Aglietta, M.
Ahn, E. J.
Al Samarai, I.
Albuquerque, I. F. M.
Allekotte, I.
Allison, P.
Almela, A.
Alvarez Castillo, J.
Alvarez-Muniz, J.
Batista, R. Alves
Ambrosio, M.
Aminaei, A.
Anchordoqui, L.
Andringa, S.
Aramo, C.
Aranda, V. M.
Arqueros, F.
Arsene, N.
Asorey, H.
Assis, P.
Aublin, J.
Ave, M.
Avenier, M.
Avila, G.
Awal, N.
Badescu, A. M.
Barber, K. B.
Baeuml, J.
Baus, C.
Beatty, J. J.
Becker, K. H.
Bellido, J. A.
Berat, C.
Bertaina, M. E.
Bertou, X.
Biermann, P. L.
Billoir, P.
Blaess, S. G.
Blanco, A.
Blanco, M.
Bleve, C.
Bluemer, H.
Bohacova, M.
Boncioli, D.
Bonifazi, C.
Borodai, N.
Brack, J.
Brancus, I.
JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS, 2015, (08):
[3] A Search for Photons with Energies Above 2 x 1017 eV Using Hybrid Data from the Low-Energy Extensions of the Pierre Auger Observatory
Abreu, P.
Aglietta, M.
Albury, J. M.
Allekotte, I
Cheminant, K. Almeida
Almela, A.
Alvarez-Muniz, J.
Batista, R. Alves
Ammerman Yebra, J.
Anastasi, G. A.
Anchordoqui, L.
Andrada, B.
Andringa, S.
Aramo, C.
Ferreira, P. R. Araujo
Arnone, E.
Arteaga Velazquez, J. C.
Asorey, H.
Assis, P.
Avila, G.
Avocone, E.
Badescu, A. M.
Bakalova, A.
Balaceanu, A.
Barbato, F.
Bellido, J. A.
Berat, C.
Bertaina, M. E.
Bhatta, G.
Biermann, P. L.
Binet, V
Bismark, K.
Bister, T.
Biteau, J.
Blazek, J.
Bleve, C.
Blumer, J.
Boncioli, D.
Bonifazi, C.
Arbeletche, L. Bonneau
Borodai, N.
Botti, A. M.
Brack, J.
Bretz, T.
Brichetto Orchera, P. G.
Briechle, F. L.
Buchholz, P.
Bueno, A.
Buitink, S.
Buscemi, M.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2022, 933 (02):
[4] Direct measurement of the muonic content of extensive air showers between 2×1017\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathbf { 2\times 10^{17}}$$\end{document} and 2×1018\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathbf {2\times 10^{18}}~$$\end{document}eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory
A. Aab
P. Abreu
M. Aglietta
J. M. Albury
I. Allekotte
A. Almela
J. Alvarez Castillo
J. Alvarez-Muñiz
G. A. Anastasi
L. Anchordoqui
B. Andrada
S. Andringa
C. Aramo
P. R. Araújo Ferreira
H. Asorey
P. Assis
G. Avila
A. M. Badescu
A. Bakalova
A. Balaceanu
F. Barbato
R. J. Barreira Luz
K. H. Becker
J. A. Bellido
C. Berat
M. E. Bertaina
X. Bertou
P. L. Biermann
T. Bister
J. Biteau
A. Blanco
J. Blazek
C. Bleve
M. Boháčová
D. Boncioli
C. Bonifazi
L. Bonneau Arbeletche
N. Borodai
A. M. Botti
J. Brack
T. Bretz
F. L. Briechle
P. Buchholz
A. Bueno
S. Buitink
M. Buscemi
K. S. Caballero-Mora
L. Caccianiga
L. Calcagni
A. Cancio
The European Physical Journal C, 2020, 80 (8):

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