Recombinant Epstein-Barr virus glycoprotein 350 as a serological antigen

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) glycoprotein 350 (gp350) is the most abundant glycoprotein expressed on the EBV envelope, the major target for neutralizing antibodies and also essential for virion attachment to B lymphocytes. Several studies have addressed EBV gp350 as a vaccine candidate, but less commonly as a potential antigen for serological assays. The aim of the current study was to develop a diagnostic tool to quantify EBV gp350-specific IgG in previously EBV-infected individuals. A construct encoding the extracellular domain of EBV gp350 (amino acid (aa) 1-860) was developed for expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Serum samples (n = 360) with known IgG serostatus against viral capsid antigen (VCA) and Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) were divided into three groups based on the differences in their serostatus: VCA + EBNA1+ (n = 120), VCA + EBNA1-(n = 120) and VCA-EBNA1-(n = 120). The samples were analyzed by indirect ELISA using recombinant EBV gp350 aa 1-860 as antigen. A clear majority, 108 of the 120 VCA + EBNA1+ samples, had detectable EBV gp350-specific IgG. Of the 120 VCA + EBNA1-samples, 79 had detectable EBV gp350-specific IgG. Only 2 of the 120 VCA-EBNA1-samples had detectable EBV gp350-specific IgG. The results reported here show that use of the EBV gp350 aa 1-860 ELISA can serve as a sensitive method for EBV-specific IgG detection in serum samples.