Immune Dysregulation in Patients Persistently Infected with Human Papillomaviruses 6 and 11

被引:17
|
作者
Lucs, Alexandra V. [1 ]
DeVoti, James A. [1 ,2 ]
Hatam, Lynda [1 ,2 ]
Afzal, Ali [1 ,3 ]
Abramson, Allan L. [1 ,4 ]
Steinberg, Bettie M. [1 ,3 ,4 ,5 ]
Bonagura, Vincent R. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Feinstein Inst Med Res, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
[2] Hofstra North Shore LIJ Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Allergy & Immunol, Great Neck, NY 11549 USA
[3] Elmezzi Grad Sch Mol Med, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
[4] Hofstra North Shore LIJ Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol, New Hyde Pk, NY 11549 USA
[5] Hofstra North Shore LIJ Sch Med, Dept Mol Med, Manhasset, NY 11549 USA
来源
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE | 2015年 / 4卷 / 03期
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
HPV; recurrent respiratory papillomatosis; anogenital warts; innate immunity; Langerhans cells; T cells; natural killer cells; RECURRENT RESPIRATORY PAPILLOMATOSIS; REGULATORY T-CELLS; EPIDERMAL LANGERHANS CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM; DISEASE SEVERITY; CERVICAL-CANCER; INNATE IMMUNITY; GENITAL WARTS; IN-VIVO;
D O I
10.3390/jcm4030375
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) 6 and 11 are part of a large family of small DNA viruses, some of which are commensal. Although much of the population can contain or clear infection with these viruses, there is a subset of individuals who develop persistent infection that can cause significant morbidity and on occasion mortality. Depending on the site of infection, patients chronically infected with these viruses develop either recurrent, and on occasion, severe genital warts or recurrent respiratory papillomas that can obstruct the upper airway. The HPV-induced diseases described are likely the result of a complex and localized immune suppressive milieu that is characteristic of patients with persistent HPV infection. We review data that documents impaired Langerhans cell responses and maturation, describes the polarized adaptive T-cell immune responses made to these viruses, and the expression of class select II MHC and KIR genes that associate with severe HPV6 and 11 induced disease. Finally, we review evidence that documents the polarization of functional TH2 and T-regulatory T-cells in tissues persistently infected with HPV6 and 11, and we review evidence that there is suppression of natural killer cell function. Together, these altered innate and adaptive immune responses contribute to the cellular and humoral microenvironment that supports HPV 6 and 11-induced disease.
引用
收藏
页码:375 / 388
页数:14
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