The producer- and consumer-based eco-efficiencies and their application to ecodesign

The product-based eco-efficiency and the consumer-based eco-efficiency were defined based on the concept that the product value is the ratio of worth to cost. The former is expressed as [(product quality/Cost)/LIME results] and the latter is expressed as [(Consumer's satisfaction/Price)/LIME results]. The applicability of the proposed eco-efficiencies to ecodesign was tested using digital cameras. The results shows that companies can identify the weak points of their products related to environment, product quality, and consumer's satisfaction by using both the PBEE and the CBEE results, and use this information in ecodesign.