Microarray of single stranded deoxyribonuleic acid probes on the surface of ZrO2 ceramic beads and the preparation of fluorescent ceramic beads

The microarray features of 5'- NH2/3'- Texas red terminus modified deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) probes on the surfaces of 300 mum ZrO2 ceramic beads were characterized through the coupling reaction of the probes with N-(4-maleimidobutyryloxy) sulfosuccininimide sodium salt (sulfa-GMBS). Based on the fluorescence measurement on the bead surface, it was found that the microarray of DNA probes depends on the pretreatment of the bead surface, DNA probe concentrations in aqueous solution and the total surface area of the beads. On optimal conditions, a 20-mer DNA probe can dot on the beads surface with the molecule distance of 7.6 nm, and more than 1.0 x 10(10) 20-mer single-stranded DNA probe can be microarrayed on one ZrO2 bead surface. Mechanism study shows that the coupling reaction of DNA probe on the ceramic bead surface only involves in the terminus NH2-group.