Dispersion relations for electromagnetic waves in a dense magnetized plasma

Dispersion relations for elliptically polarized extraordinary is well as linearly polarized ordinary, electromagnetic waves propagating across an external magnetic hold in a dense magnetoplasma are derived, taking into account the combined effects of the quantum electrodynamical (QED) field, as well as the quantum forces associated with the Bohm potential and the magnetization energy, of Me electrons due to the electron-1/2 spin effect. QED (vacuum polarization) effects, which contribute to the nonlinear electron current density, modify the refractive index. Our results concern the propagation characteristics of perpendicularly propagating high-frequency electromagnetic waves in dense astrophysical objects (e.g. neutron sows and magnetars), as well as the next-generation intense laser-solid density plasma interaction experiments and quantum free-electron laser schemes.