Studying residents' flood risk perceptions and sense of place to inform public participation in a Dutch river restoration project

Public participation is becoming increasingly important in integrative river restoration projects. However, studies show that flood risk awareness is generally low among residents of flood-prone areas, making it (more) difficult for project managers to involve the public. We contribute to understanding this generally low flood risk perception by carrying out a survey (N = 631) among residents in a Dutch floodplain and studying the connection between flood risk perception and sense of place. We found that expected damage is influenced by (collective) memory of near-floods and that residents with a high self- and group efficacy expect less damage. Against our hypothesis, we conclude that sense of place hardly influences flood risk perception, only nature bonding does. We recommend further research to study the complex relationships between flood risk perception, sense of place and self-efficacy from a theoretical need, but also because of the implications of these results for communication in flood risk management and motivations to engage in participation processes.